Germany’s economy crept back into growth at the start of the year but not by enough to stop the eurozone from contracting for a sixth straight quarter, and France slid into recession.
Falling output across the bloc meant the 17-nation economy is in its longest recession since records began in 1995.
It shrank 0.2% in the January to March period, the EU’s statistics office Eurostat said yesterday, worse than the 0.1% contraction forecast by a Reuters poll earlier.
“The misery continues,” said Carsten Brzeski, a senior economist at ING in Brussels. “Almost all core countries bar Germany are in recession and so far nothing has helped in stopping this downward spiral.
As well as France, the economy shrank for the quarter in Finland, Cyprus, Italy, The Netherlands, Portugal and Greece. Data last month showed Spain’s economy contracted for a seventh consecutive quarter.
Germany, which generates almost a third of the eurozone’s economy, grew by a weaker than expected 0.1%, skirting the recession that France succumbed to, but highlighting the devastating impact of the eurozone’s debt and banking crisis that has driven unemployment to a record 19mn people.
France’s downturn was its first in four years, after contracting by 0.2% in the first three months of the year, as it did in the last quarter of 2012.
Italy, the eurozone’s third largest economy, reported its seventh consecutive quarter of decline, the longest since records began in 1970.
The eurozone’s recession is now longer than the five quarters of contraction that followed the global financial crisis in 2008/2009, although it is not as deep.
The euro fell to a six-week low against a buoyant dollar, hurt by the anaemic figures which kept alive chances of more monetary easing by the European Central Bank.
The ECB cut rates to a record low earlier this month and its head, Mario Draghi, said it was ready to act again if the economy worsened.
Some EU leaders, who meet for a summit in Brussels next week are also trying to shift away from the budget cuts that have dominated the response to the debt crisis since 2009.
But it will be tough for another rate cut and a softening of austerity — even if either happens — to break a cycle in which governments are cutting spending, companies are laying off staff, Europeans are buying less and young people have little hope of finding a job.
“Any recovery is going to be excruciatingly slow,” said Nick Kounis, head of macroeconomic research at ABN Amro.
A Reuters poll of 65 economists suggested growth should return in the second half of this year, but there will no strong recovery until at least 2015.
Interest rates at a record low and the ECB’s promise to buy the bonds of struggling governments have calmed talk of a eurozone break-up, driving up equities and cooling bond yields.
But the reality for companies and households is of tight credit and frozen investment, meaning demand in places such as China and the US is the best hope for renewed growth.
Of most concern is the difference between Europe’s two largest economies, Germany and France. It looks narrow over the first three months of the year, but European diplomats and officials fear France will continue to lag far behind, threatening the cohesion of the twin policy motor that has traditionally driven the European project.
French growth has faltered as unemployment undermines the confidence of both consumers and businesses, which are struggling to cope with government belt-tightening while Spain remains deep in the mire.
Even Germany will find it difficult to reach take-off speed alone. Its statistics office revised down its figure for the end of 2012 to show a contraction of 0.7%, from 0.6%.
Thomas Gitzel at VP Bank sees a stronger performance in the second quarter as construction, hit by the winter, bounces back.
But he added: “The current global economic backdrop makes a sustained recovery more unlikely. Difficulties in France and disappointing growth figures from China are strewing stones in the path of the Germany economy. Hopes of significantly higher growth could be premature.”
The latest GDP figures will add fuel to a burgeoning debate about how to balance the need to cut debt with measures to foster growth.
Italian and French leaders have been vocal in calling for an end to austerity and European Commission President Jose Manuel Barroso has said it has reached the limits of public acceptance.
