Both France and Egypt have been leading targets for Islamist extremists in recent months.
In October, the Islamic State group claimed responsibility for bombing an Airbus A321 plane belonging to Russian charter company Metrojet that crashed into the Sinai desert on its way from the Egyptian resort of Sharm el-Sheikh to St Petersburg, killing 224 passengers and crew.
Egypt's aviation minister Sherif Fathy said the chances of an attack were ‘higher than the possibility of a technical (failure)’ for the downing of the EgyptAir plane on Thursday.
Aviation experts agreed there is little chance that a mechanical fault was responsible.
The plane was only put into service in 2003, making it relatively new for an aircraft that tends to operate for 30 to 40 years.
‘A major technical fault -- the explosion of an engine, for instance -- seems improbable,’ said aeronautics expert Gerard Feldzer.
In addition, the A320 has an excellent safety record as the best-selling medium-range airliner in the world. An A320 takes off or lands every 30 seconds around the world, Feldzer said.
‘It's a modern plane, the incident happened in mid-flight in extremely stable conditions. The quality of the maintenance and the quality of the plane are not in question in this incident,’ Jean-Paul Troadec, former director of France's aviation Bureau of Investigation and Analysis, told Europe 1 radio.
EgyptAir ‘is a company with authorisation to operate in Europe, so it is not on any (security) blacklist,’ he added.
Experts also say it is unlikely the plane was shot down from the ground, as was the case with the Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 that went down over Ukraine in July 2014, or from the sea as occurred in July 1988 when the US Navy blew up an Iran Air passenger flight by mistake.
The EgyptAir plane was flying at 37,000 feet (11,000 metres) and disappeared about 130 nautical miles off the Greek island of Karpathos.
The plane fell 22,000 feet and swerved sharply before it disappeared from radar screens, Greece's Defence Minister Panos Kammenos said.
Its position would put it out of reach of the portable rocket launchers used by several militant groups in the Middle East.
‘We cannot exclude the possibility that it was shot down by another aircraft by mistake, but it is likely we would already know,’ said Feldzer.
The region around northern Egypt, including the coastlines of Israel and Gaza, is ‘one of the most monitored regions in the world, including by satellite. It would be very difficult to hide this kind of information,’ he added.
- No distress signal -
That leaves a terrorist attack as the most likely possibility, the experts said, not least because it appears that no distress signal was sent from the aircraft.
‘A technical problem, a fire or an engine malfunction doesn't cause an instantaneous accident and the crew has time to react,’ said Troadec.
‘Here, the crew didn't say anything.’
If a bombing is established, the question for investigators will be how a device was smuggled aboard a flight taking off from France's busiest airport, Paris Charles de Gaulle, where security has been on high alert since last year's jihadist attacks in the French capital.
‘A bomb placed on board at (Paris) or in Cairo is always possible because it's difficult to make your airport 100 percent watertight, even in an airport with such tight surveillance as Roissy (Charles de Gaulle),’ said Feldzer.
Internet site FlightRadar24 indicates the EgyptAir plane travelled to Egypt, Tunisia and Eritrea in the two days before Thursday's crash, leaving open the possibility that an explosive device could have been planted aboard prior to its arrival in France.
‘The first thing to do is to recover debris that will give us some indications on the accident... to see if there are any traces of explosives,’ Feldzer said.
