There’s another, perhaps more significant hurdle: It appears some American investors aren’t that interested.
Over the past few weeks, Aramco executives and government officials pitched their plan for what could be world’s largest share sale to some of the biggest US mutual fund firms and hedge funds, according to people familiar with the discussions.
At the informal dinners and meetings in New York, Houston and Washington, investors pushed back at several aspects of the deal, the people said, asking not to be identified discussing private meetings. Among the issues raised were the $2tn valuation Saudi Arabia wants for the world’s largest oil producer, the scale of dividends Aramco’s prepared to pay and the impact of the shale boom on oil prices over the next few years.
Aramco said in a statement it wouldn’t “confirm or deny whether such meetings took place.” The company added its policy is not to provide running commentary on the course of the IPO.
Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, who’s made the IPO a key part of his ambitions to ready the economy for the post-oil age, is preparing to visit the US for a trip that will include a White House meeting with Donald Trump on March 20. Trump has said that he’s keen for the listing to come to New York, which is vying with London and Hong Kong to win the international portion of the share sale. Prince Mohammed is set to travel to Houston, America’s oil capital, as part of his US trip.
Aramco produces almost 10mn bpd - just over 10% of the world’s total supply - from some of the largest, lowest-cost fields in the world. Even with a market value of $1tn it would comfortably be the planet’s most valuable company ahead of tech giants Apple Inc, Alphabet Inc and Amazon.com Inc.
During a recent visit to London, Saudi officials signalled a possible delay in the IPO to 2019, from an original target of 2018. Oil Minister Khalid al-Falih became the first senior official to publicly acknowledge the possibility, describing the deadline for the second half of 2018 as “artificial.”
Senior officials said privately they remain committed to achieving the crown prince’s valuation of at least $2tn, however, which is based on Aramco’s access to the kingdom’s 261bn barrels of oil reserves. Riyadh is planning to sell about 5% of the company, potentially raising $100bn and dwarfing the $25bn banked by Chinese internet retailer Alibaba Group Holding Ltd in 2014, currently the world’s largest ever IPO.
Saudi officials hope American investors will buy a large chunk of the shares, irrespective of whether the company lists in London, New York or Hong Kong.
Preliminary meetings with investors have pitched the IPO as a bond-like security, paying a higher-than-average dividend yield. Yet US investors said Aramco would have to pay more than industry leaders Exxon Mobil Corp and Royal Dutch Shell. The world’s top publicly listed oil companies trade today at an implied dividend yield of 4.1% and 6.2% respectively.
Saudi Arabia’s own 10-year US dollar sovereign bond currently yields more than 4%, suggesting that investors wanting exposure to the kingdom could achieve a relatively high payout without owning Aramco equity.
By aiming for a lower valuation, Aramco would be able to offer a more competitive dividend yield, making the giant share sale a more attractive proposal, some of the investors said.
Nonetheless, at one dinner, several hedge funds said they saw a wave of shale oil growth putting pressure on prices, according to people familiar with the encounter. The hedge funds also expressed concern that Opec and Russia won’t continue cutting oil production to keep prices high after the current deal expires at the end of the year.
Aramco is planning to sell shares at a moment when some of the world’s largest equity investors are questioning their exposure to fossil fuels. Fund managers are worried that some oil fields could become worthless as governments try to reduce fossil-fuel consumption to fight against climate change. Moreover, some investors believe that electric vehicles will reduce demand growth over the next two decades.
The Saudi state-owned oil giant has publicly sought to allay those concerns.
“I am not losing any sleep over ‘peak oil demand’ or ‘stranded resources,”’ Aramco chief executive officer Amin Nasser told the CERAWeek by IHS Markit energy conference in Houston earlier this month.
