A turbulent year for the pound is coming to an end with little evidence that 2023 will be much different. Signs of a painful UK economic downturn keep piling up, making analysts doubtful that the currency can extend — or even sustain — a recent rebound against the dollar. The options market also shows scepticism, with traders still gloomy over the long run.
The pound has surged from an all-time low reached in September boosted by a change of government following Liz Truss’ ill-fated tenure as leader and a weakening dollar. But it’s still down 11% in 2022, headed for its worst year since the Brexit vote in 2016.
Going into next year, room for gains may be limited by divergence in central bank policy, with the Bank of England (BoE) looking increasingly dovish compared with peers. Also the UK economy is reeling, the budget deficit has rocketed and double-digit inflation has led to the sharpest drop in living standards on record, curbing spending and giving rise to the worst industrial unrest in decades. The housing market also looks vulnerable to a sharp correction.
“The UK is in the vanguard for economies lurching into recession,” said John Hardy, head of FX strategy at Saxo Bank. “The combination of a heel-dragging BoE on further tightening and austere fiscal picture could set up further declines” on the pound. The pound erased losses triggered by Truss’ efforts for vast funded tax cuts within two weeks, but it took more than two months for one-year risk reversals to return to pre-budget levels. The slow recovery of this widely followed barometer of market sentiment suggests traders remain strongly downbeat the pound over the long run and that the rebound in the spot market was more based on positioning rather than an outright bullish expression.
Leveraged funds switched to be net short on the pound in the week to December 13, after previously being long, while asset managers retained a short position, according to the latest data from the Commodity Futures Trading Commission. From a technical standpoint, there are mixed signals for the pound. What stands out is a so-called bearish moving averages crossover that unfolds on the monthly chart, at a time when Bloomberg’s fear-greed indicator shows bears are still in control of price action despite the rebound seen in the fourth quarter. This suggests that downside risks prevail for the pound over the medium-term.
JPMorgan Chase & Co analysts see sterling heading back to $1.14 by the end of the first quarter, from around $1.21 now, citing their “particularly-negative view” of the UK’s growth outlook. Also local elections looming in May could spell further political uncertainty.
Strategists surveyed by Bloomberg see the pair dropping to $1.17 in the first quarter before staging a mild recovery to $1.21 by end-2023.
Yield spreads between two- and 10-year swaps tied to the overnight rate — a gauge of recession risks — also point to a longer economic downturn in the UK than in its main peers. The difference between one-year forward and current spreads suggest yield curves in Europe and the US will steepen more than in the UK.