More than 740mn cubic metres of water were used in 2013, up from just over 437mn in 2006, reflecting the country's rapid expansion, figures from the MDPS show.
"Government" water consumption grew the most during that time period, increasing by almost 400%, said the MDPS.
Industry use was up by more than 200%, though the biggest consumers were agriculture and residential households.
Some 245mn cubic metres of water were used by residential households in 2013, up from 130mn in 2006.
In 2006, fewer than 967,000 people lived in Qatar.
By 2013, that number had risen to 2.1mn as the country embarked on a massive transformation.
Currently, the population is around 2.5mn.
Qatar's main source of water is desalination of sea water for drinking water and groundwater for agriculture.
"Water is life, therefore the protection of national natural freshwater resources is part of our National Development Strategy," HE the Minister of Development Planning and Statistics Dr Saleh Mohamed Salem al-Nabit wrote in the study.
As well being a scarce resource, water security forms a major component of Qatar's "National Vision 2030".
This is a 2008 government-launched strategy designed to help transform Qatar "into an advanced society capable of achieving sustainable development".
The National Vision identified that "Qatar is facing major environmental challenges that need to be appropriately resolved, particularly achieving water security".
