Rail fares will rise by 3.4% in January – the largest increase for five years, train companies have announced.
Fares for all journeys in 2018 have been published, showing an average rise slightly below the 3.6% set by the government in August for regulated fares, which include season tickets.
Rail operators said it showed the industry was attempting to keep down the cost of travel.
Unions said it was “another kick in the teeth” for passengers paying the highest fares in Europe.
Paul Plummer, the chief executive of the Rail Delivery Group Rail Delivery Group, which speaks for the train companies and Network Rail, said: “Alongside investment from the public and private sectors, money from fares is underpinning the partnership railway’s long-term plan to change and improve.”
He told BBC Radio 4’s Today programme: “Obviously we’re very aware of the pressures on people and the state of the economy.” He said it was “a significant increase”, but said regulated fares were set by government and that influenced all fares.
Last year, overall fares were driven up by a steep rise on Virgin Trains East Coast, which has been bailed out by the government, with an early end to the contract in 2020 potentially costing the taxpayer more than £1bn – a decision branded “inexplicable” by the former transport secretary Lord Adonis.
Asked if it showed private companies were taking any risk, Plummer said: “Rail companies operate under contract and they honour the terms of their contracts and they provide for things to happen in different circumstances.
“That operator will continue to make payments until 2020 and then the new operator will continue to make payments and so I don’t recognise the way that has been described.”
The RDG said private sector investment would help deliver improvements, including 5,700 new train carriages by 2021.
The RMT union general secretary, Mick Cash, said: “These fare increases are another kick in the teeth for British passengers who will still be left paying the highest fares in Europe to travel on rammed-out, unreliable trains where private profit comes before public safety.
“For public sector workers and many others in our communities who have had their pay and benefits capped or frozen by this government these fare increases are another twist of the economic knife while the private train companies are laughing all the way to the bank.”
The fare rise, which is shaped by the RPI inflation figure, will be the biggest since January 2013, when fares rose by 3.9%