WCM-Q researchers identify protein markers for Covid-19 disease

Researchers from Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar (WCM-Q) have together with colleagues from the Weill Cornell Medicine campus in New York (WCM-NY) identified proteins that circulate at higher levels in the blood of Covid-19 patients than in healthy controls.

The Doha-based team, led by Dr Frank Schmidt and Dr Karsten Suhre, used WCM-Q's advanced biomedical research facilities to identify protein markers in blood samples collected during the first Covid-19 wave by Dr Augustin Choi’s team at WCM-NY. These marker proteins are helping researchers to better understand the molecular processes that are involved in the progression of Covid-19, and in particular the body’s inflammatory response that sometimes triggers severe outcomes.Their study confirmed the findings of three studies conducted previously by other international research teams, and in combination with the new study data generated in Qatar, it provides a stronger foundation for ongoing efforts to develop better diagnostic tools and treatments for Covid-19.The findings could also help researchers understand the wide variation in symptoms among Covid-19 patients, potentially explaining why some people have only mild disease while others have severe or fatal reactions.Dr Schmidt, director of the Proteomics Core at WCM-Q, said: “We have a very advanced platform for identifying protein markers, so we were able to use this capability to verify and confirm the results of other studies on the proteins that circulate more strongly or weakly in the blood of Covid-19. "Determining robust protein markers in this way gives us a much clearer picture of the processes underlying the inflammation we see in Covid-19 patients, including the so called “cytokine storm” that can be so devastating. Cytokines are proteins that play a role in the regulation of the body’s response to infection.”The researchers used WCM-Q's state-of-the-art proteomics analysis platform - known by the trade name Olink - to examine proteins in blood samples from Covid-19 patients from two new and three previously published Covid-19 studies. They also compared protein measurements with that from control samples obtained from healthy patients and from patients with other, non-Covid-related diseases. The analysis revealed 13 specific proteins, most of which were found at higher levels in blood from Covid-19 patients, and this coherently in all five studies. Overall, Covid-19 patients in all five studies shared common trends in molecular processes that are associated with cytokine-cytokine interactions and the activity of a protein called IL18 (interleukin 18), which is known to play a key role in inflammation. These findings confirm findings from previous studies that identified a Covid-19 cytokine storm syndrome. Dr Suhre, director of the Bioinformatics Centre and associate dean for cross-campus research partnerships at WCM-Q, said: “This study demonstrates the power of a combining high-end proteomics with cutting-edge bioinformatics in the analysis of clinical samples collected at a time of crisis across WCM campuses in Qatar and the US. The advanced proteomic analysis capabilities we have here at WCM-Q mean that Qatar can lead important international research projects like this one, potentially pointing the way to new therapeutic targets and thus new treatments for diseases like Covid-19.”