India to surpass China as most populous nation in 2023: UN

India is set to surpass China as the world’s most populous country in 2023, with each counting more than 1.4bn residents this year, a United Nations report said yesterday, warning that high fertility would challenge economic growth.The world’s population, estimated to reach 8bn by November 15 this year, could grow to 8.5bn in 2030, and 10.4bn in 2100, as the pace of mortality slows, said the report released on World Population Day.India’s population was 1.21bn in 2011, according to the domestic census, which is conducted once a decade.The government had deferred the 2021 census due to the coronavirus (Covid-19) pandemic.The world’s population was growing at its slowest pace since 1950, having fallen below 1% in 2020, UN estimates showed.In 2021, the average fertility of the world’s population stood at 2.3 births per woman over a lifetime, having fallen from about five births in 1950.Global fertility is projected to decline further to 2.1 births per woman by 2050.“This is an occasion to celebrate our diversity, recognise our common humanity, and marvel at advancements in health that have extended lifespans and dramatically reduced maternal and child mortality rates,” UN Secretary-General António Guterres said in a statement.Still, a growing population was a reminder of a shared responsibility of care for the planet and to “reflect on where we still fall short of our commitments to one another”, he said.Referring to an earlier World Health Organisation (WHO) report – estimating about 14.9mn deaths relating to the Covid-19 pandemic between January 2020 and December 2021, the UN report said global life expectancy at birth fell to 71 years in 2021 from 72.8 years in 2019, mostly due to the pandemic.The United Nations said that more than half of the projected increase in the global population up to 2050 will be concentrated in eight countries – the Congo, Egypt, Ethiopia, India, Nigeria, Pakistan, the Philippines, and the United Republic of Tanzania.Countries of sub-Saharan Africa are expected to contribute more than half of the increase anticipated through 2050.However, the population of 61 countries is projected to decrease by 1% or more between 2022 and 2050, driven by a fall in fertility.