Britain recorded its hottest day ever yesterday, with the temperature exceeding 40° Celsius (104° Fahrenheit) as a heatwave gripping Europe intensified, forcing train tracks to buckle and fuelling a spate of fires across London.
The Met Office said a new provisional record temperature of 40.3C (104.5F) was recorded in Coningsby, in central England, with 34 sites across the country experiencing temperatures in excess of the previous high of 38.7C (101.7F) recorded in 2019.
Stephen Belcher at the Met Office said he had not expected to see such temperatures in Britain in his career.
“Research conducted here at the Met Office has demonstrated that it’s virtually impossible for the UK to experience 40C in an undisrupted climate but climate change driven by greenhouse gases has made these extreme temperatures possible,” he said.
Train services on major routes from London up the east and west coast of the country were cancelled, electricity companies reported mass outages and normally busy city centres appeared quiet.
Network Rail tweeted a number of pictures showing large bends and kinks in rail tracks.
London Fire Brigade declared a major incident and urged people to stop having barbecues, as hundreds of firefighters battled blazes across the capital.
To the east, a large fire engulfed homes in the village of Wennington, with flames tearing across about 40 hectares (100 acres) of neighbouring tinder-dry fields.
Elsewhere large grassland areas around the capital caught fire, billowing smoke over major roads and nearby areas.
London’s Ambulance Service said it had been dealing with 400 calls an hour because of the extreme heat.
“We are seeing an increase in the number of patients experiencing heat exposure, breathing difficulties, dizziness and fainting,” said Peter Rhodes, the deputy director of ambulance operations.
Britain, which can struggle to maintain key transport services in extreme heat or snow, had been put on a state of national emergency over the unprecedented temperatures.
“My thanks go to all the firefighters and frontline services who are working incredibly hard to keep us safe on this scorching day,” Prime Minister Boris Johnson said on Twitter.
The transport minister, Grant Shapps, that said there had been a considerable amount of travel disruption.
“Infrastructure, much of which was built from the Victorian times, just wasn’t built to withstand this type of temperature,” he said.
Operator Network Rail advised passengers to only travel if absolutely necessary.
“Extreme Heat: All services stopped. Do not come to the station,” Avanti West Coast, which runs services from London to cities such as Liverpool, Manchester and Glasgow, said on Twitter.
“It’s a little frustrating,” said US tourist Deborah Byrne, trying to reach Scotland.
However, with road surfaces and runways melting and fears of rails buckling, Transport Secretary Shapps conceded much of Britain’s infrastructure “is just not built for this temperature”.
Tim Wainwright, chief executive of the charity WaterAid, said it served as “the wake-up call the world needs to stop climate change from claiming any more lives”.
Climate scientists said the once-unthinkable temperature in London was likely to become more common in coming years.
Sony Kapoor, a climate and macro-economic professor at European University Institute, said he had long thought that people underestimated the physical impacts of climate change in contemporary times.
“But even I never thought we would see 40C in London in 2022,” he said.
“They (heatwaves) are becoming more frequent and this negative trend will continue... at least until the 2060s, independent of our success in climate mitigation efforts,” UN World Meteorological Organisation (WMO) chief Petteri Taalas told reporters in Geneva. “In the future these kinds of heatwaves are going to be normal, and we will see even stronger extremes.”
The arrival of a searing heatwave that first sparked wildfires across Europe before arriving in Britain has turned the spotlight on to “net zero” pledges made by the candidates running to replace Boris Johnson as prime minister.
After Johnson championed the move to net-zero status when Britain held the United Nations COP26 climate change summit in 2021, some of the candidates to replace him have appeared more lukewarm and rated other challenges facing the country as their priority.
After yesterday’s heat, the Met Office said the temperature would fall today, however it warned there could be heavy thunderstorms.
An ice cream vendor uses a bottle of water to cool down during hot weather in London’s Hyde Park.
